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History records only a few fencing masters who were in this condition affect your person for a whole generation of politicians, army, police, teachers (educators) and ordinary people at the same time. Master, the disciples (even one-day) were so impressed that even after nearly seventy years after his death, were able to carefully discuss their experience with it. The first ever San-Dou-no-Hanshi (三 道 の 藩士) 1 .
"God Kendo" (剣道 の 神様) Hakudo Nakayama.
- Director of the Second Generation Yushinkan Dojo 2 (有信 館 道場 の 第 二 代 館長)
- Director of the Second Generation Kanto Ha Shindo Ryu Kenjutsu Munen (関東派神道無念流剣術の第二代目宗家)
- The creator of Muso Shinden Ryu Iaido (梦想神传流居合道) and Jo Nakayama no 3 (中山 の 杖)
- ˇ Kendo Jodo Iaido ˇ ˇ San-Dou-no-Hanshi (剣 道 居 合 道 杖 道 三 道 の 藩士)
The period of childhood and adolescence.
Nakayama Otsuyoshi (中山乙吉) was born in imae, in Komatsu , Ishikawa Prefecture in 1873 (other sources claim years 1872 and 1869) in a family of samurai as 8 son of Maeda clan member 4 Nakayama Gennosho.
When he was 5 years old his family moved to Nakacho in Toyama 5 where he opened a small restaurant yakitori 6 . As an 8-year-old Nakayama Otsuyoshi was hired as kitchen help at the local ryokanie 7 . One of the managers Takazawa Toyoshi seeing the boy playing with a bokken 8 made from the branch encouraged him to train in the art of fencing. At the young age of 11 Otsuyoshi got to Saito's dojo Michinori school fencing Ha Yamaguchi Itto Ryu 9 located in Hoshii-cho. Studied under various teachers until he arrived in Tokyo Kenzo Hosoda. Kenzo, a teacher in an exchange between schools was referred to Toyama by the Ministry of Education. He was a member Yushinkan Dojo (有 信 馆 道场), schools Shindo Ryu Munen 10 conducted by Negishi Shingoro that their stories and thoughts on the fence had a huge influence on shaping his worldview Otsuyoshi.
Beginning of adult life and hard training.
In 1891, Nakayama Otsuyoshi with the consent of the family moved to Tokyo to learn kenjutsu 11 . Thanks to the recruiter's letter of Kenzo in the age of 19 was admitted to Shingoro's Yushinkan. At that time, changed his name to Hakudo (博 道). Trained hard, encouraged by Shingoro learned other styles, also developed in terms of literature. Murderous work paid off and Hokudo quickly promoted. In 1906 he fought several duels, which were typical for this initial stage of its development of the fencing. At the Dai Nippon Butokusai Enbu Taikai 12 . defeated Ozawa and Jiro Takano Shigeyoshi the Itto Ryu school Hokushin 13 , Koseki Kiyomasa Ryu school Muhen 14 and Masanobu Sasaki of Suifu Ryu 15 . At the age of 23 received Jun-Menkyo 16 And when he was 27 he received a license Menkyo, Inkyo. A year later he was awarded the title of Daihan (Activity Director), married a daughter of Shigoro and was adopted by the family Negishi. Therefore, the name changed again, this time on the Negishi Hakudo.
Swordsman traveler
In 1912 Shingoro Hakudo appointed as his representative on the committee responsible for creating the Dai Nippon Teikoku Kendo Kata 17 . After parting with his family Negishi (personal reasons) and his wife returned to the family Hakudo and built his own dojo in Masagocho, Hongo Branch (now Bunkyo). Also got permission to use the name Yushinkan. He was in Japan, widely known for his skills, but still traveled throughout Japan studying various martial arts such as Itto Shoden Muto Ryu, Itto Ryu Ono ha, Hokushin Itto Ryu (Toda) Buko Ryu, Nen Ryu, Shinkage Ryu, Musashi Enmei Ryu, Jigen Ryu, Ichiden Ryu and Isshin Ryu-Ooki. During his search he discovered two schools, which forever changed his life: Shinto Muso Ryu 18 (神道 梦想 流) and Muso Shinden Eishin Ryu 19 (无双 神 传 英 信 流).
The student and teacher
In 1916 he met Hakudo Tosa Eishin Ryu 20 Itagaki Taisuke through (the famous statesman and student of Oe Masamichi Sensei). Hakudo studied Iai Munen Shindo Ryu before, but had a feeling that something's missing. Initially he went to Oe Masamichi sensei 21 ask about science, but was rejected. Taisuke Hakudo seeing how much he wants to know the style introduced him Hosokawa Yoshimasa teachers from the school of Muso Shinden Eishin Ryu (aka. Shinmomura Hasegawa Eishin Ryu Ha) and Morimoto Tokumi school Goto Ha Muso Jikiden Eishin Ryu 22 (Aka. Tanimura Ha Hasegawa Eishin Ryu). Hakudo was accepted by both Sensei which made it the first in the history of man from the outside, who could learn Tosa Eishin Ryu.
In 1920, Nippon Butokukai awarded him the title of Hanshi in both Kendo and Iaido. In 1922 he obtained the certificates Menkyo Kaiden in Goto Ha Muso Jikiden Eishin Ryu from Sensei Tokumi and Menkyo in Muso Shinden Eishin Ryu from Sensei Yoshimasa.
In 1925 Hakudo was asked by the principal of the Academy fencing instructor Rikugun Toyama (military school) for help in creating a system Gunto Soho (军刀 操法), methods of handling military swords. Hakudo studying the problem has developed five standing iai kata, which formed the basis of Toyama Ryu Guntojutsu 23 . In the same year, Seiji Noma Hakudo support the construction of the famous Noma dojo 24 .
Birth of Muso Shinden Ryu and Kendo today
In 1930 Butokukai Hakudo called by the first time in history has demonstrated publicly Muso Shinden Eishin Ryu. Hakudo had a problem - he could not show the style, because I did not receive Menkyo Kaiden. Therefore, during the show demonstrated the art as "Muso Shinden Ryu Battojutsu" (无双 神 伝 流 抜 刀 术).
In 1933 Hakudo changed the structure of what he had learned in Kochi 25 and created the Muso Shinden Ryu (梦想 神 伝 流), the name he used Chinese characters representing the dream or vision.
During this time he witnessed the death Hakudo stylized Gekiken 26 and the birth of modern Kendo 27 . Kendo has become a popular and much Hakudo traveled Japan teaching of this discipline.
Then came World War II ...
Post-war period
As a result of World War II, martial arts were banned in Japan and teaching them encountered great difficulties. Hakudo along with other champions fought for the right to practice martial arts. Finally, using the Sasamori Junzo, Yasuji Kuroda and Kunii Prices removal order was won. But Hakudo have to face the bitter reality - many students did not survive the war and only a small percentage of the other returned to practice. Budo began to fall. Hakudo felt that it was time for a change. Adapted so Muso Shinden Ryu in order to serve the public. His goal was to reduce the aggressive nature of kata and emphasizing the spiritual side of rice.
The man called the "last (True) Champion of Martial Arts" (最後 の 武芸者) died in 1958 at the age of 85 years. Heritage Hakudo took his son Nakayama Zendo.
This article is an attempt to figure Nakayama Hakudo approximations for Iaido practitioners in Poland. We thank the article authors Fri: "A Lineage all but Forgotten: The Yushinkan (Nakayama Hakudo)" for their time and work and we invite you to their website in English. kenshi247.net .
Article developed and translated Bielecka Olympia.
Materials with Nakayama on Youtube (in Japanese):
Footnotes
1. Dou-san-no-Hanshi is an honorary title given to those who received Hanshi Kendo, Iaido and Jodo at the hands of the Zen Nippon Nippon Butokukai or Kendo.Hanshi (read 范士 はんし) The title of this means an expert in martial arts "teacher of teachers". It is used by a variety of martial arts only for some of the best instructors of the style, sometimes translated as "Grand Master".
Nippon Butokukai - full name is Dai Nippon Butokukai (Virtues of War Association of Great Japan) was led by the most significant figures from the world of bujutsu (martial arts) and budo (martial ways). It was a precursor of the Zen Nippon Kendo Renmei. The objectives of the association include: control and affiliation of the people-training Kendo (and Iaido and Jodo), promoting the spirit of Kendo, organizing tournaments and competitions, conducting coaching seminars. back
2. Dojo (道场) - space combat sports training. In the dojo, the relevant rules of behavior.
The school founded by Negishi Yushinkan Goro, located initially in the district of Nishi-Kanda (西 神 田) Chiyoda district of Tokyo later moved to the district Yūtenji (佑 天 寺) Meguro district of Tokyo. back
3. Jo (杖) - a wooden stick with a cross-wheel used in martial arts back
4. Maeda clan (前 田氏, Maeda-shi), a branch of the clan Sugawara, one of the most influential samurai families. back
5. Toyama (富山 市, Toyama-shi), the city and the prefecture is located on the Sea of Japan coast in the Chubu region on central Honshu. back
6. yakitori - (焼き鳥 / やき とり / ヤキトリ) is a chicken shish kebab, barbecued on charcoal on a grill. back
7. ryokan (旅馆,) - a traditional Japanese pub (inn, hotel) providing accommodation and catering services for travelers. back
8. bokken (木 剣, bokken or bokutō, 木刀) - wooden sword exercise, usually in the shape of the katana. back
9. Toyama Han Den Ha Yamaguchi Itto Ryu (富山 藩 传 山口 派 一刀 流): This style created by Yamaguchi Bokushinsai was a synthesis of several styles. The school with time to oblivion. back
10. Shindo Ryu Munen (神道无念流) - the school founded by Fukui Hyoemon Yoshihira (福井兵右卫门嘉平) in the eighteenth century. More ... back
11. Kenjutsu (剣 术) is one of the classical Japanese martial arts sword, so called. Koryu-bujutsu. More ... back
12. Enbu Taikai - public demonstration of the style or school connected with the tournament back
13. Hokushin Itto Ryu (北辰 一刀 流) - the school founded by Chiba Shusaku Narimasa in 1820. Thereafter, 8 sets of techniques, schools have been reduced to three and joined the art style iaijutsu and naginata. back
14. Muhen-ryu (无 辺 流) - the school was established in the Edo period (nineteenth century). In Muhen Ryu both naginata and I use the same forms. back
15. Suifu Ryu (水 府 流) - the school founded by Tokugawa Nariaki, the synthesis of three major pieces of swordsmanship clan Mito (Mito Han Den): Munen Shindo Ryu, Itto Ryu and Hokushin Togun Ryu. back
16. Jun-Menkyo (顺 免 许) - a title meaning literally: "Orderly License" issued by a roll a few ryu (schools, sports), usually preceding the roll Menkyo. back
17. Dai Nippon Teikoku Kendo Kata (大 日本 帝国 剣 道 形) - literally "Greater Imperial Japan Kendo Kata" was the forerunner of Nippon Kendo Kata (日本 剣 道 形). back
18. Shinto Muso Ryu (神道 梦想 流): Founded by Muso Gonnosuke Katsuyoshi; Gonnosuke combined the spear, naginata, sword and stick because in one versatile weapon. back
19. Muso Shinden Eishin Ryu (无双 神 传 英 信 流): The school founded by Shigenobu Hayashizaki Jinsuke later amended by Hasegawa Eishin Chikaranosuke. back
20. Tosa Eishin Ryu (土 佐 英 信 流) is a collective reference to the Muso Jikiden Eishin Ryu / Muso Shinden Eishin Ryu taught at the mansion Yamauchi. This is one of several Otome Ryu (御 留 流) rhodium Yamauchi intended only for warriors Yamauchi. back
21. Oe Masamichi - 17 school director, formalized the use of the name Muso Jikiden Eishin Ryu and also incorporated into the curricula 11 Omori Ryu techniques. To the original tate-hiza and added a set of techniques, standing forms of seiza waza. back
22. Goto Ha Muso Jikiden Eishin Ryu (五 藤 派 无双 直传 英 信 流): Originally, the school founded by Shigenobu Hayashizaki Jinsuke later amended by Hasegawa Eishin Chikaranosuke. Style was passed years until he reached Kamenojō Takakatsu Tanimura. Kamenojō Menkyo Kaiden passed several students, including Goto Magobei Masasuke. He was one of the many shihan (instructor) school of Muso Jikiden Eishin Ryu, and his line is known as Ha or version Goto Goto. back
23. Toyama Ryu Guntojutsu - Toyama Ryu Gunto Soho (戸 山 流 军刀 操法): developed in 1925, was a martial art, prepared for the Japanese soldiers. Contained Kumitachi, Iaijutsu, Sojutsu (to represent the bayonet), Happo Giri (八 法 切) - "Eight Methods for Cutting", Shigeki (射 撃) - Accuracy, tameshigiri Tameshigiri (試し切り) - "Test Cut" and Music Military (used to march and punching rhythm). back
24. Noma Dojo - wikipedia , and youtube back
25. Kochi (高 知 市, Kochi-shi) - a city in Japan, on the island of Shikoku, Kochi prefecture administrative center. back
26. Gekiken (撃 剣) is a general term referring to Japanese free fencing. With the assumption of protective armor and a sword safe - such as a replica fukuro-shinai, a Japanese swordsman (Kenjutsu-ka) and the Samurai was able to freely fence with a partner using the unique techniques of his style. In 1870, Kenkichi Sakakibara, headmaster Jikishinkage-Ryu-kai Gekiken created as a collaboration, which allowed fencers of different styles of joint exercises. It was a period when appreciated the diversity of styles and interest in fencing competitions porzez distributed and shows. Over time, standardizing introduced, which resulted in the birth of Kendo in the present form. back
27. Kendo is a Japanese variant of fencing, carried out by using bamboo swords. It is also one of the Japanese martial arts referred to collectively as Budo. More ... back
